Yes, expenses can be adjusted against income of a similar nature under certain conditions, but this depends on accounting standards, tax laws, and specific business circumstances. Let’s analyze this from an accounting and Ind AS/AS perspective. 1. Accounting Treatment as per Ind AS & AS (A) IndRead more
Yes, expenses can be adjusted against income of a similar nature under certain conditions, but this depends on accounting standards, tax laws, and specific business circumstances. Let’s analyze this from an accounting and Ind AS/AS perspective.
1. Accounting Treatment as per Ind AS & AS
(A) Ind AS Perspective
📌 Ind AS 1 (Presentation of Financial Statements):
- It generally requires income and expenses to be shown separately in the financial statements.
- Offsetting is allowed only when:
- Required or permitted by another Ind AS
- It reflects the substance of the transaction
📌 Ind AS 18 (Revenue Recognition) & Ind AS 115 (Revenue from Contracts with Customers):
- Expenses that are directly linked to revenue (such as cost of sales in case of trading income) can be adjusted against income.
📌 Ind AS 37 (Provisions, Contingent Liabilities, and Contingent Assets):
- If an entity incurs an expense that leads to a compensating claim (e.g., insurance claims, government subsidies), it can be recognized net of the claim if realization is virtually certain.
(B) AS Perspective (Indian GAAP – Accounting Standards)
📌 AS 9 (Revenue Recognition):
- It does not permit netting off expenses against revenue unless they are directly related (e.g., trade discounts, returns).
📌 AS 5 (Net Profit or Loss for the Period, Prior Period Items, and Changes in Accounting Policies):
- Extraordinary income and expenses should not be offset against each other but separately disclosed.
2. When is Offsetting Allowed?
✅ Examples Where Adjustment is Allowed:
- Commission Income vs. Commission Paid: If a company earns commission and pays a commission for the same transaction, they may be netted off.
- Trading Businesses: Cost of goods sold (COGS) is deducted from sales revenue.
- Banking Transactions: Interest income and interest expense of the same nature can be reported net if permitted by the standard.
❌ Examples Where Adjustment is NOT Allowed:
- Different sources of income (e.g., rental income vs. business expenses).
- Operating expenses against unrelated income (e.g., office rent cannot be adjusted against interest income).
3. Taxation Perspective
📌 Under Income Tax Act, 1961, netting off is not generally allowed except:
- Section 70 & 71: Business losses can be set off against business income but not against salary or capital gains.
- Depreciation as per Section 32: Can be adjusted against business profits.
- Capital gains adjustments (short-term vs. long-term).
Final Answer:
- Ind AS & AS generally prohibit offsetting unless specifically permitted.
- Business-related expenses can only be adjusted against income of a similar nature (e.g., direct expenses against trading income).
- Tax laws have specific rules for set-offs, so compliance with Income Tax Act, 1961 is necessary.
Ind AS applies based on company size and listing status. 1. Mandatory Applicability: From April 1, 2016 → Listed & unlisted companies with net worth ₹500 crore+. From April 1, 2017 → All listed companies & unlisted companies with net worth ₹250 crore+. From April 1, 2018 → Banks, NBFCs &Read more
Ind AS applies based on company size and listing status.
1. Mandatory Applicability:
2. Voluntary Adoption:
3. Not Required for:
Net Worth = (Paid-up Share Capital) + (Reserves & Surplus) – (Accumulated Losses) – (Deferred Expenditure Not Written Off)
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